Akazi kawe kazosubirirwa na AI? Ubu ni bwo bwoko bw'akazi bushobora kugirwako ingaruka

Amashirahamwe akoresha ubwenge bw'ubukorano (AI) ariko arashikiriza amakuru menshi cane ku kungene ibikoresho vyayo bishobora gusubirira ibikorwa vy'abantu.

Ubuzi bumwe buzoshobora gukorwa ata muntu abigizemwo uruhara, mu gihe ubundi nabwo buzokomera bunarushirize gukorwa neza hifashishijwe AI.

Abakuru b'amashirahamwe akomeye kuruta ayandi kw'isi bariko bakoresha amafaranga menshi mu guteza imbere ibikoresho bikorana na AI. Ku ruhande rumwe, bitumwa n'uko bizera ko bishobora kuzobafasha kugabanya amafaranga bakoresha mu guhemba abakozi.

Tubwirwa ko "ukuguma ku rugero rumwe ari kwo gutera imbere", mu bijanye n'ingene igitigiri c'abakozi b'ikigo runaka kingana. Aha, abanyamitahe bariko bibaza nimba ibikorwa bikwiye gukorwa n'abakozi bashasha (ni ukuvuga kwongereza abakozi) canke nimba vyokorwa n' "ingabo za AI", ni ukuvuga bakihoza ivyo kwongereza abakozi kubera bitwara uburyo bwinshi, akazi bokoze kagakorwa n'ibikoresho vya AI.

N'ubwo igice c'izo nteguro coba ari co conyene gusa kija mu ngiro, vyotugirako ingaruka twese, mu bisata bitandukanye dukoreramwo no mu myuga itandukanye. Kandi ivyo birashoboka gushika vuba gusumba uko tuvyibaza.

Abashakashatsi mu vy'ubutunzi batsindiye agashimwe kitiriwe 'Nobel' baheruka kuburira isi ko "itegerezwa kugira ico ikoze buno nyene" kugira ngo ubwenge bw'ubukorano butume ubuzima bw'abantu burushiriza kuba bwiza, aho gutuma benshi cane batakaza akazi. Amashirahamwe y' i Londres na yo nyene aherutse kuburira ko ariko aragorwa no kuronka abakozi bafise ubumenyi akeneye, kubera ko AI iriko irahindura isoko ry'akazi.

Haracari kare kugira tumenye ingaruka z'ivyo, ariko hari bimwe bimaze kugaragara.

Muri iki gihe, hariko havugwa cane ibijanye no guteza imbere rwose porogarama za AI zo kuri mudasobwa.

Nko mu myaka itatu iheze, ubwoko bwa AI bwatunganijwe kugira bushobore gutahura no gusubiramwo imvugo ya kiremwa muntu buzwi nka 'language models' (LLMs) bwari bushoboye kurangiza neza, ata n'akanenge, ibikorwa abantu bashobora gukora no kurangiza mu masegonda canke iminota mike. Ubu na ho LLMs zigeze ku rwego rwo gukora mu mwanya muto ibikorwa bigoye cane bishobora gutwara umuntu nk'isaha imwe canke hafi yayo.

Ubu, zimwe muri LLMs zirashobora kubona ibitameze neza mu masezerano "contrats" akoreshwa mu bijanye n'amafaranga yo ku buhinga bwa none 'cryptocurrency' ndetse zigashobora ubwazo kuyakosora no kuyatunganya neza, igikorwa umuntu yoshobora kumara amasaha menshi ariko arakora.

Ubwoko bushasha bw'izo 'modèles' bushobora gutangura kwitunganya no kwiteza imbere bwo nyene, ata muntu abigizemwo uruhara, mu mwaka uza canke mu myaka ya hafi.

Ibi biraba ahanini ibijanye no guteza imbere ivyerekeye gutegeka imashini mudasobwa ivyo ikora 'programmation', ariko uburyo nk'ubwo buriko buraboneka no mu bindi bikorwa, n'ubwo hakiri mu ntango.

Bwibonekeza mu bijanye no gusesangura ivy'amahera, mu bikorwa vy'amategeko, ndetse no mu mirimo imwe imwe y'ubuhinga.

Ivyo bisobanura iki ku bijanye n'akazi? Isesangura ryimbitse ryagiriwe muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hakoreshejwe amakuru y'imyaka ine iheze ajanye n'ingene abantu bahabwa akazi, mu myuga itandukanye ishobora kugirwako ingaruka cane na AI, harimwo abakora ibijanye na 'programmation', abajejwe kwumviriza ingorane z'abakiriya, hamwe n'imyuga ishobora kudakorwako na AI, nk'abakozi bo mu gisata c'amagara y'abantu, abitaho abana, abakora akazi ko kumwa imishatsi, n'ibindi.

Isesangura rya Stanford University ku makuru ajanye n'imishahara n'akazi ryerekanye ko akazi k'abafise imyaka iri hagati ya 22 na 25 kagabanutse ku rugero rwa 2,7% kuva ChatGPT itanguye gukoreshwa cane. Iryo gabanuka ryarashitse no ku rugero rwa 12,8% mu bisara vy'ubutunzi bimwe bimwe harimwo ibijanye n'amahera, 'programmes' za mudasobwa, n'ubuzi butandukanye bwo mu nganda.

Ariko bamwe mu bahinga mu vy'ubutunzi ntibemera izo mvo zose. Bavuga ko hari ibindi bibituma, nk'ukwiyongera kw'urugero rw'inyungu, bishobora gusigura iryo gabanuka ry'akazi.

Amatangazo y'akazi acishwa kuri internet na yo nyene yaragizweko ingaruka kuva ChatGPT hamwe n'izindi LLMs zitanguye gukoreshwa.

Hari n'izindi mvo zishobora kuba zibituma, nk'urugero rw'inyungu ku makori. N'ubwo biri uko, hari icigwa cakozwe n'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rigira ubushakashatsi ku vy'ubutunzi OCDE. Ico cigwa cihweza ubutandukane hagati y'ubuzi butangwa mu bisata vyitwa ko bigeramiwe cane na AI harimwo ukumenyekanisha ibidandazwa n'ibikorwa kuri internet, services zijanye n'ivy'amategeko, hamwe n'ibindi bisata bibonwa ko bitageramiwe cane na AI nk'ivy'ubwubatsi, kugira isuku no gukinjika.

Ubwongereza bwarakozweko mu buryo bwihariye n'ivyo bipimo. Nk'uko vyerekanwa n'ibiharuro, kuba Ubwongereza bukorera cane mu gisata c'ama 'services' biratuma bushobora kugeramirwa n'ingorane yo gutakaza ubuzi cane biturutse kuri AI.

Rero, haracari ukutamenya neza uko ibintu bizogenda, ariko hari impinduka zimwe zimwe zisobanutse zitanguye kwigaragaza.