Tarihin yadda aka fara garkuwa da mutane a Najeriya

A makon jiya ne wani rahoto na cibiyar bincike kan ƴancin gudanar da addini ta Observatory for Religious Freedom in Africa ya nuna cewa a shekara shida, an kashe aƙalla mutum 79,323 sannan aka sace aƙalla mutum 34,7773 a hare-hare masu alaƙa da matsalolin tsaro a Najeriya.

Matsalolin tsaro da suka haɗa da garkuwa da mutane da Boko Haram da ƴan awaren Biyafra na cikin matsalolin da suka yi wa ƙasar dabaibayi, lamarin da ya sa har Amurka ta kai mata ɗauki.

Saboda ta'azzarar matsalolin tsaron ne a ranar Laraba 26 ga watan Nuwamban bara Shugaban Najeriya Bola Tinubu ya ayyana dokar ta-ɓaci kan matsalar tsaro, inda ya bayar da umarnin a ɗauki matakan gaggawa domin magance matsalolin tsaro da ƙasar ke fuskanta.

Sai dai har yanzu matsalolin suna cigaba da ci wa ƴan ƙasar tuwo a ƙwarya, duk da a kwanakin baya sojojin Amurka sun fice daga ƙasar tare da ikirarin cewa sun kammala aikinsu, kuma sun samu nasara.

A yanzu matsalar tsaron da ta fi shafar kusan kowane ɓangaren ƙasar ita ce ta ƴanbindiga masu satar mutane, inda har a kwanakin baya tsohon janar na sojin Najeriya, Rabe Abubakar ya rasu a hannun masu garkuwa.

Fara garkuwa da mutane a Najeriya

A wani bincike da Albert, I. , Danjibo, N. da Albert, O. suka yi a shekarar 2020 mai taken "Back to the Past: Evolution of Kidnapping and Hostage Taking in the Niger Delta, Nigeria," sun tabbatar da cewa garkuwa da mutane ta samo asali ne daga Neja Delta.

Yankin ya kasance cikin rikice-rikice da tashin hankali saboda zargin da al'ummarsu ke yi cewa ayyukan haƙo man fetur sun lalata muhallinsu, sun rage hanyoyin samun abin dogaro da rayuwa, kuma suka yi zargin cewa gwamnatin Najeriya ba ta yi kataɓus ba wajen ci gaban yankinsu.

Wannan ne ya sa matasan yankin suka fara amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da na tashin hankali domin nuna fushinsu ga gwamnati da kamfanoni masu haƙo mai.

Daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyi akwai:

Garkuwa da mutane na farko-farko

Sai dai gwamnati ta sha nanata cewa tana iya ƙoƙarinta domin daɗaɗa wa mutanen yankin.

Daga cikin ƙoƙarin da gwamnatin Najeriya ta yi domin rage tashin hankali a yankin akwai:

Kafa Hukumar Raya Yankin Neja Delta (NDDC) a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 2000, domin bunƙasa yankin.

Sai dai duk waɗannan matakan ba su rage tashin hankali ba, inda garkuwa da mutane ta ci gaba da ƙaruwa.

Waɗanda aka fi sacewa kamar yadda binciken ya gano sun haɗa da?

A watan Afrilun 2002 ne wasu matasa a yankin ƙaramar hukumar Ekeremor ta jihar Bayelsa suka yi garkuwa da ma'aikata 10 na kamfanin Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC), inda suka sake su bayan an biya fansar Naira miliyan 3.1.

Tun daga lokacin ne garkuwa da mutane ta bunƙasa a yankin na Neja Delta.

Ana dai ganin sun fara garkuwa da mutanen ne domin tara kuɗin da za su ci gaba da gwagwarmayarsu, amma daga tsakanin 2005 zuwa 2007 suka fara garkuwa da mutane domin a saki wasu manyansu da gwamnati ta kama ta tsare.

Sai dai duk a lokacin jagororin yankin sun bayyana cewa su gwagwarmaya ce a gabansu, kuma ba su aminta a garkuwa da mutane domin neman kuɗi ba, an cigaba da aiwatar da harƙallar.

Ƙasurgumin mai garkuwa da mutane Evans

A shekarar 2017 ce ƴansandan Najeriya a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Abba Kyari suka samu nasarar kama fitaccen mai garkuwa da mutane domin neman kuɗin fansa a lokacin mai suna Evans.

An kama Evans, wanda asalin sunansa Mista Chukwudi Onuwamadike ne a Legas bayan ƴansanda sun kwashe shekara bakwai suna farautarsa, wanda ke nufin tun a shekarar 2013 ake nemansa.

"Ya gagari dukannin jami'an tsaron Najeriya a tsawon kusan kimanin shekara bakwai," in ji Abba Kyari a wata hira da BBC.

Abba Kyari, wanda a yanzu shi ma yake fuskantar tuhuma ya ƙara da cewa kafin su kama Evans, ya kwashe fiye da shekara 20 yana aikata laifuka a kasar.

"Ya ƙware sosai. Yana da layukan waya fiye da guda 100."

Tuni dai aka kotu ta yanke hukunci kan Evans bayan samunsa da laifin da ake zarginsa da aikatawa.

Mai shari'a Oluwatoyin Taiwo ne a kotun tarayya da ke jihar Lagos ta yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekara 41.

Daga satar shanu zuwa satar mutane a arewaci

A watan Maris na shekarar 2018 ne gwamnatin jihar Zamfara ta sanar da kashe Buharin Daji, wanda a lokacin aka yi amannar cewa shi ne jagoran ɓarayin shanu da suka addabi jihar da hare-hare.

Gwamnatin jihar Zamfara ta taɓa ƙulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Buharin Daji a watan Fabrairun 2017 domin samun zaman lafiya a jihar.

Kafin kashe shi, masu satar shanun dai sun kwashe shekaru suna kisan rayuka da satar shanu a jihar.

Asalin sunansa Buhari Tsoho amma ana kiransa da Janar Buhari ko Buharin Daji, kuma ƴanbindiga da dama da suka gawurta a yanzu yaransa ne a baya.

Wanda ya kashe shi a wancan lokacin shi ne Dogo Giɗe, wanda a yanzu ya ke cikin fitattun masu garkuwa da suka gawurta.

Kashe Buharin Daji ya sa an yi tunanin an yi wa tufkar hanci, amma sai matsalar ta ƙara ta'azzara daga satar shanu ta koma kashe-kashe tsakanin ƴan sa-kai da ƴanbindiga a lokuta da dama saboda ramakon gayya, sannan ta rikiɗe zuwa satar mutane domin karɓar kuɗin fansa.

Matsalar ta kwarara daga Zamafara zuwa Katsina da Kaduna da Neja, sannan Boko Haram suka fara amfani da salon, sannan yanzu ta fara mi'ara zuwa kudancin Najeriya, musamman jihohin kudu maso yamma.

Garkuwa da mutane da suka fi jan hankali

Daga cikin manyan manyan garkuwa da mutane da suka fi jan hankali a Najeriya sun haɗa da:

Ƴan matan makarantar Chibok: A ranar 14 ga watan Afrilun 2014 ne mayaƙan Boko Haram suka kai wani hari makarantar sakandaren mata da ke Chibok a jihar Borno, inda suka sace ɗalibai masu yawa.

Sakandiren mata ta Dapchi: A watan Fabrairun 2018 ƴan Boko Haram suka hari makarantar mata da ke garin Dapchi na jihar Yobe sannan suka sace ɗalibai 110. Har yanzu yarinya ɗaya mai suna Leah Sharibu na hannun mayakan na Boko Haram.

Ɗaliban Jami'ar Greenfield: A watan Afrilun 2021 ne kuma ake samun aukuwar satar ɗalibai a jihar Kaduna, inda ƴanbindiga suka kai hari a Jami'ar Greenfield mai zaman kanta da ke kan hanyar Kaduna zuwa Abuja suka sace ɗalibai da dama.

Ɗaliban makarantar Ƙankara: A watan Disamban 2020 aka kai hari makarantar sakandaren kimiyya ta maza da ke garin Ƙankara na jihar Katsina aka sace ɗalibai sama da 300.

Harin jirgin ƙasar Abuja-Kaduna: A ranar 28 ga Maris ɗin 2022 ne ƴanbindiga suka kai hari a jirgin ƙasan Abuja–Kaduna, inda suka yi garkuwa da mutane da dama.

Ɗaliban Papiri: A ranar Alhamis 20 ga watan Nuwamban 2025 ne wasu ƴanbindiga suka kutsa makarantar sakandire ta St. Mary's inda suka yi awon gaba da ɗalibai 250 zuwa 315.

Ɗaliban Maga: A ranar Litinin 17 ga watan Nuwamban 2025 ne ƴanbindiga suka sace ƴan mata ɗalibai 25 daga makarnatar kwana da ke garin Maga na ƙaramar hukumar Danko-Wasagu a jihar Kebbi.

Ɗaliban Oyo: A jihar Oyo hukumomi sun tabbatar da ƴanbindiga sun kai hari kan wasu makarantu guda biyu a garin Ahoro-Esinle, inda suka sace ɗalibai 46.

Makarantar Borno: A watan Mayun 2026 ne mahara da ake kyautata zaton ƴan Boko Haram ne suka sace ɗalibai sama 50 a garin Mussa da ke ƙaramar hukumar Askira-Uba da ke jihar Borno.

Magance matsalar

A wata tattaunawa da BBC ta yi da Dokta Kabiru Adamu, shugaban kamfanin Beacon Security and Intelligence, ya ce matakan da gwamnatin ƙasar ke ɗauka ba sa tasiri sosai wajen shawo kan matsalar da ta zamewa kasar karfen kafa, don haka dole ne a sake bijiro da wasu sabbin hanyoyi.

Sannan ya shawarci gawamnati da ta sauya salon yadda ta ke ɗauka na amfani da ƙarfi, inda ya ce hakan ba ya tasiri, maimakon hakan magance matsalolin da ke haifar da satar mutanen shine abun da ya fi.

"Akwai bukatar daukar matakai kan ɗumamar yanayi, saboda irin abin da ɗumamar yanayi ke haifarwar, da talauci da ya yi katutu a ƙasa, da makamai da ke yawo a tsakanin al'umma, da yadda kan iyakokin mu suke a bude, inda ana iya shigo da komai, da matsalar miyagun kwayoyi da suka yawaita'' inji shi.

Haka kuma ya ce akwai buƙatar gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta yi kokarin hada kai tsakanin ta da gwamantocin jihohin kasar wajen magance matsalar tsaron, tare kuma da saka al'umma wajen tattarar bayanai da tantance shi.