Mutanen da suka yi gwagwarmayar kafa dimokuraɗiyya a Najeriya

Najeriya ta shafe shekaru 26 tana mulkin dimokraɗiyya ba tare da katsewa ba, tun bayan komawar mulkin farar hula a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 1999.

A yanzu ana gudanar da bikin ranar dimokraɗiyya ne a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni a kowace shekara, maimakon ranar 29 ga Mayu da aka saba yi a baya.

Tsohon shugaban ƙasa, Muhammadu Buhari, ne ya sauya ranar bikin a shekarar 2018 domin karrama zaɓen ranar 12 ga Yunin 1993, wanda ake kallo a matsayin mafi sahihancin zaɓe a tarihin Najeriya, kuma wanda ake kyautata zaton marigayi MKO Abiola ne ya lashe kafin gwamnatin mulkin soja ta Janar Ibrahim Babangida ta soke sakamakon.

Bayan soke zaɓen ne aka fara gwagwarmaya mai zafi ta neman dawo da mulkin dimokuraɗiyya, inda ƴan siyasa da ƴan jarida da lauyoyi da ƙungiyoyin fararen hula da masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan'adam suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙalubalantar mulkin soja har zuwa komawar mulkin farar hula a shekarar 1999.

To, su wane ne fitattun mutanen da suka jagoranci wannan gwagwarmaya, kuma wace rawa suka taka wajen dawo da dimokraɗiyya a Najeriya?

An fara gwagwarmayar dimokraɗiyya tun kafin 12 ga watan Yuni

Kodayake ana danganta gwagwarmayar dimokraɗiyya da zaɓen ranar 12 ga Yunin 1993, amma fafutukar miƙa mulki ga farar hula a Najeriya ta fara ne tun kafin wannan lokaci.

Bayan samun ƴancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta fara mulkin farar hula, amma sojoji suka kifar da gwamnatin Firaminista Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a watan Janairun 1966.

Tun daga wannan lokaci, ƙasar ta shafe shekaru ƙarƙashin mulkin soja, sai kuma wani ɗan taƙaitaccen lokaci da aka yi na farar hula a jamhuriya ta biyu.

A shekarar 1979, Janar Olusegun Obasanjo, wanda ya karɓi mulki bayan kashe Janar Murtala Mohammed, ya miƙa mulki ga zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasa, Alhaji Shehu Shagari, wanda ya jagoranci jamhuriya ta biyu.

Sai dai wannan mulki bai kai shekara biyar ba, domin a ranar 31 ga Disamban 1983, sojoji ƙarƙashin jagorancin Manjo Janar Muhammadu Buhari suka kifar da gwamnatin Shagari, suna zargin ta da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar tattalin arziki.

Buhari ya mulki ƙasar na kusan shekara biyu kafin Janar Ibrahim Babangida ya hambare shi a watan Agustan 1985. Babangida ya yi alkawarin mayar da mulki ga farar hula, amma ya ci gaba da ɗage lokaci har aka shafe tsawon shekaru.

A wannan lokaci ne ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai, ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, lauyoyi, ƴan jarida da masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin bil'adama suka fara matsa masa lamba kan gwamnati domin a dawo da mulkin dimokraɗiyya.

Lokacin da gwamnatin Babangida ta shirya zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na ranar 12 ga Yunin 1993, mutane da dama sun yi amannar cewa zai kawo ƙarshen mulkin soja.

Amma bayan soke zaɓen, gwagwarmayar ta ƙara ƙamari, inda dubban mutane suka yi ta zanga-zanga, wasu kuma suka rasa rayukansu ko aka kama su aka tsare saboda adawa da mulkin soja.

Mutanen da suka yi fice a gwagwarmayar dimokraɗiyyar Najeriya

MKO Abiola: Moshood Kashimawo Olawale (MKO) Abiola fitaccen ɗan kasuwar da ake kyautata zaton ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 12 ga Yunin 1993. Bayan gwamnatin soja ta soke zaɓen, Abiola ya ayyana kansa a matsayin zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 1994.

Daga nan ne gwamnatin Janar Sani Abacha ta kama shi, inda ya shafe kusan shekaru huɗu a tsare ba tare da shari'a ba, har ya rasu a ranar 7 ga Yulin 1998, jim kaɗan bayan mutuwar Abacha.

Kudirat Abiola: Kudirat Abiola ta jagoranci fafutukar neman a saki mijinta da kuma tabbatar da an mutunta zaɓen 12 ga Yuni lokacin da Abiola ke tsare.

A ranar 4 ga Yunin 1996 ne wasu mahara suka harbe ta har lahira a Legas, lamarin da ya ƙara jawo hankalin duniya kan abin da ake zargin gwamnatin soja ke yi.

Gani Fawehinmi: Babban lauya ne kuma fitaccen mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin bil'adama. An sha kama shi da tsare shi saboda sukar gwamnatocin soja. Bayan rikicin 12 ga Yuni, an sake kama shi tare da wasu jagororin gwagwarmaya.

Wole Soyinka: Fitaccen marubuci ne kuma ɗan Afirka na farko da ya lashe lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin adabi. Bayan soke zaɓen 12 ga Yuni ya tsere daga Najeriya saboda barazanar kama shi.

A lokacin da ya yi gudun hijira, ya taimaka wajen kafa Radio Kudirat, gidan rediyon da ke yaɗa saƙonnin gwagwarmayar dimokraɗiyya tare da sukar gwamnatin Janar Sani Abacha.

Beko Ransome-Kuti: Shi ne shugaban ƙungiyar fafutuka ta Campaign for Democracy (CD). An kama shi a lokuta da dama, sannan a shekarar 1995 kotun soja ta yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai, kafin a sake shi bayan mutuwar Janar Sani Abacha a shekarar 1998.

Femi Falana: Fitaccen lauya ne kuma ɗaya daga cikin jagororin ƙungiyar CD. An sha kama shi saboda jagorantar zanga-zanga da kuma kare masu fafutukar dimokraɗiyya a kotu.

Shehu Sani: Tun yana matashi ya shiga gwagwarmayar neman a tabbatar da sakamakon zaɓen 12 ga Yuni. Shi ne jagoran CD a Arewacin Najeriya. An kama shi a watan Yulin 1993 saboda goyon bayan MKO Abiola, sannan gwamnatin soja ta sha tsare shi a zamanin Janar Sani Abacha bisa zargin tayar da zaune tsaye.

Bola Tinubu: Shi ne shugaban Najeriya wanda ya lashe zabe a shekara ta 2023.

Ya yi fice wajen gwagwarmayar siyasa a matsayin daya daga cikin jagororin kungiyar masu son tabbatar da dimokuradiyya ta Nadeco.

Gwagwarmayar da ya rika yi ta sa ya yi kaurin suna a wurin hukumomi, lamarin da ya tursasa masa yin gudun hijira domin guje wa kame.

Rawar da ƙungiyar NADECO ta taka kan gwagwarmayar 12 ga watan Yuni

Kungiyar fafutukar dimokuraɗiyya ta National Democratic Coalition (NADECO) ta taka rawar gani sosai wajen maido da dimokuraɗiyya a Najeriya ta hanyar matsin lamba ga gwamnatin soji ta Janar Sani Abacha.

An kafa ƙungiyar NADECO a Najeriya a ranar 15 ga Mayun 1994, ta hanyar haɗa kan manyan ƴan siyasa da masu fafutuka da tsoffin gwamnoni.

Babban dalilin kafa ta shi ne tilasta wa gwamnatin soji ta Abacha ta sauka daga mulki, tare da miƙa shi ga marigayi Cif M.K.O. Abiola, wanda shine ya lashe zaben 12 ga Yuni, 1993 wanda aka soke.

Jagororin kungiyar kamar su Bola Ahmed Tinubu da Cif Anthony Enahoro sun gudu zuwa kasashen waje - kamar Birtaniya da Amurka - bayan gwamnatin soji ta fara farautar rayuwarsu.

Sun kafa ofisoshin NADECO a ƙasashen waje domin matsa wa ƙasashen duniya lamba su ƙaƙaba wa gwamnatin sojin Najeriya takunkumin tattalin arziki da na diplomasiyya.

Ta hanyar haɗa kai da sauran kungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan'adam na ƙasa da ƙasa, NADECO ta yi amfani da hanyoyin yajin aiki da zanga-zanga domin matsin lamba ga gwamnatin soji.

NADECO ta haɗa gwiwa da ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na cikin gida, musamman na ma'aikatan mai NUPENG da PENGASSAN, inda suka dakatar da lamura ta hanyar tsunduma yajin aiki na tsawon makonni.

NADECO ta ci gaba fafatukarta har zuwa lokacin da mulkin dimokuraɗiyya ya dawo a ƙasar a shekarar 1999, inda Olusegun Obasanjo ya zama shugaba na farko kuma ya kammala wa'adinsa na biyu a 2007.

Tun daga wannan lokaci ba a sake samun katsewar mulkin farar hula a Najeriya ba.

Sauran waɗanda suka taka rawa a gwagwarmayar dimokraɗiyya

Akwai wasu mutanen da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan fafutukar ta neman a koma da dimokraɗiyya a Najeriya da ba cika magana a kansu ba, kuma sun bayar da gudummuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Wane ne Abiola kuma ya aka yi ya shahara?

Abiola ɗan kasuwa ne, ɗan jarida kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya fito daga Jihar Ogun da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya.

Abiola ya fara tsayawa takarar shugaban ƙasa a 1983; lokacin da aka kifar da gwamnatin farar hula ƙarƙashin Shugaba Shehu Shagari.

Wata mai sharhi kan al'amuran yau da kullum, Damilola Agbalajobi, ta rubuta cikin wata maƙala da ta rubuta wa mujallar 'The Conversation' cewa a lokacin da Abiola ya fara yin takarar shugaban ƙasa a 1983 "Najeriya ta sha fama da hatsaniyar siyasar da aka dinga yi tun bayan samun 'yancin kai a 1960".

A ranar 12 ga wata Yunin 1993, ɗan takarar SDP Abiola ya fafata da ɗan takarar NRC Bashir Tofa a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa. Abokin takarar Abiola shi ne Baba Gana Kingibe, inda Sylvester Ugoh ya zama mataimakin Tofa.

Duk da cewa masu sharhi na ganin zaɓen na 12 ga Yuni ya fi kowanne inganci, sai dai gwamnatin mulkin soja ta Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ta soke shi bisa zargin maguɗi.

Matakin ya jawo ce-ce-ku-ce kuma daga baya Babangida ya sauka daga mulki a 1993. Ernest Shonekan, wanda ɗan garin su Abiola ne, ya zama shugaban ƙasa na riƙo.