Shin za a iya kawo ƙarshen cin hanci a Najeriya?

Daga kuɗaɗen da ake karɓa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a ƙananan ofisoshin gwamnati zuwa biliyoyin dalolin da ake zargin an wawure daga baitul mali, cin hanci da rashawa ya daɗe yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da suka addabi Najeriya.

Sai dai tambayar ita ce: shin akwai nau'ukan rashawa daban-daba, sannan akwai wadanda suka kebanta da ita ne, ko kuwa duk samma-kal ne?

Ga wasu ƴan Najeriya, rashawa tana bayyana ne a matsayin kuɗin 'na goro' daake bayarwa domin kauce wa jinkiri ko da kuwa kan haƙƙinsu ne.

A wani ɓangaren kuma, tana bayyana a cikin kwangiloli da karkatar da kuɗaɗen gwamnati.

Ko da yake yanayin kuɗin yana bambanta, akwai wani abu da ya haɗa su: amfani da dama ko iko domin amfanin kai.

Ko a watannin baya ƴan Najeriya sun shiga ruɗani da bayyana mamakin yadda binciken ICPC ya gano ma'aikatan bogi 908 a wasu ma'aikatun ƙasarm duk da cewa an saba ji a ƙasar.

Bayan haka, an gano hukuma kacokam da aka ƙirƙira, sannan ta samu gurbin ofis tare da ma'aikata a babbar sakatariyar gwamnatin Najeriya a Abuja, lamarin da ya ja hankali matuƙa a ƙasar.

Rashawa a matakin farko

A wata safiyar ranar Litinin, wani matashi mai suna Mahmud Muhammad a unguwar Hayin Banki da ke Kaduna da ke da burin shiga aikin soja, ya isa harabar wata ƙaramar hukuma domin a saka masa hannu a takardar shaidar zama ɗan jiharsa ta asali.

Ya je da takardunsa, ya biya kuɗin da aka buƙata a hukumance, sannan ya bi duk matakin da ake buƙata a tsari.

Amma bayan jami'in da ke kula da aikin ya duba takardun, ya tabbatar cewa ɗan jihar ne saboda ya nuna shaidar sa hannun amincewar sarkin ƙauyensu, sai aka faɗa masa cewa ya jira.

Ba wata harkar biliyoyin naira ba ce. Ba wani asusun sirri a ƙasashen waje ba ne. Ba kuma wata babbar kwangilar gwamnati ba ce. Matashi ne kawai da yake neman aikin soja domin ya yi wa ƙasarsa hidima, sannan ya samu aikin da zai riƙa samun abin sakawa a bakin salati.

Abin da ya kamata Mamuda ya kammala a kwana ɗaya, sai da ya yi mako yana zuwa, kafin daga ƙarshe wani ya raɗa masa cewa, "kai na goro za ka bayar a saka maka hannu ka tafi gida."

Haka dole matashin ya lale ƴan kuɗaɗensa ya miƙa kafin a yi masa abin da ya cancanta a hukumance.

Wannan na cikin matsalolin da ƴan Najeriya ke fuskanta a harkokin yau da kullum, musamman idan mutum na nema 'wata alfarma' a wani ofis.

Yaƙi da cin hanci a Najeriya

Yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya abu ne da ya daɗe ana yi ta hanyar samar da hukumomi daban-daban a lokuta daban-daban.

Tun Jamhuriya ta huɗu a shekarar 1999, gwamnatoci daban-daban sun gabatar da dokoki da manufofi da nufin daƙile matsalar.

Bayan dawowar mulkin farar hula, gwamnatin tsohon shugaban ƙasa Olusegun Obasanjo ta sanya yaƙi da rashawa cikin manyan manufofinta.

A shekarar 2000 aka kafa hukumar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa wato ICPC bayan amincewa da dokar Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Act 2000, wadda ta ba hukumar ikon bincike, gurfanarwa da kuma nazarin tsarin da ke haifar da rashawa a cibiyoyin gwamnati.

Bayan haka, an kafa hukumar Economic and Financial Crimes Commission wato EFCC ta hanyar samar da dokar EFCC Establishment Act 2004, domin yaƙi da almundahanar kuɗi, safarar kuɗaɗe da sauran laifukan tattalin arziki.

Tun a baya, a zamanin mulkin soji na Muhammadu Buhari, ya ƙaddamar da shirin 'War against Indiscpline' domin yaƙi da matsalolin rashawa da rashin bin tsare-tsaren ƙasar.

Haka kuma akwai dokar hana safarar kuɗi ta Najeriya mai suna Money Laundering (Prevention and Prohibition), sai kuma dokar tilasta jami'an gwamnati bayyana kadarorinsu ta Code of Conduct Bureau and Tribunal Act.

Sai dai duk da waɗannan matakai, har yanzu rashawa na ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da ƙasar ke fuskanta.

Shari'o'in cin hanci da suka ja hankali

A cikin ƴan shekarun nan, Najeriya ta shaida gurfanarwa, ƙwace kadarori da kuma hukuncin kotu a kan wasu fitattun tsofaffin jami'an gwamnati.

Ga wasu daga ciki

Ahmed Idris (Tsohon Akanta Janar na Tarayya)

An zarge shi ne da rashawar kuɗi kimanin naira biliyan 109.5, inda EFCC ta yi zargin an karkatar da kuɗaɗen gwamnati ta hanyar wasu kamfanoni da mutane masu alaƙa da shari'ar.

Jaridar Premium Times ta ruwaito a watan Yunin bana cewa ana cigaba da shari'ar har yanzu.

Saleh Mamman (Tsohon Ministan Wutar Lantarki)

An zargi tsohon ministan ne da sama da faɗi da naira biliyan 33.8 kan abin da ya shafi aikin samar da wuta na Mambilla da Zungeru.

A watan Mayun 2026, Babbar Kotun Tarayya ta same shi da laifin almundahanar kuɗi da safarar kuɗaɗe. Daga baya kotun ta yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekara 75 tare da ba da umarnin ƙwace kadarorin da aka danganta da shari'ar.

Abubakar Malami (Tsohon Antoni Janar na Tarayya)

A watan Yulin 2026, wata Babbar Kotun Tarayya ta bayar da umarnin ƙwace kadarori 48 da ake dangantawa da Malami da kuma wasu tuhume-tuhumen daban, kamar yadda BBC ta ruwaito.

Godwin Emefiele (Tsohon Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya)

Kuɗin da ake zarginsa ya kai naira biliyan 154.39 da kuma wasu tuhume-tuhumen na kuɗaɗe daban-daban.

A wani ɓangare kuma, kotu ta ba da umarnin ƙwace rukunin gidaje 753 da ke Abuja ga gwamnatin tarayya. Emefiele ya ƙalubalanci hukuncin.

James Ibori (Tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Delta)

An zargi tsohon gwamnan ne da rashawar kuɗi kimanin dala miliyan 250, inda a shekarar 2012, Ibori ya amsa laifuka a Birtaniya kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekara 13.

Daga baya Birtaniya ta mayar wa Najeriya sama da fam miliyan 4.2 daga kadarorin da aka ƙwato.

Akwai wasu zarge-zargen da aka yi da suka ja hankali, irin su kuɗaɗen da ake zargin na Sani Abacha ne ake mayar wa Najeriya da su, da zargin tsohuwar ministar man fetur, Diezani Alison-Madueke, wada kotu ta wanke da sauran su.

Za a iya magance ta?

A ƙasa mai mutane sama da miliyan 200, da dubban hada-hada ke aukuwa a kowace rana, ba abu ne mai sauƙi a kai ga ranar da babu wanda zai sake yunƙurin aikata rashawa ba.

A cewar shugaban ƙungiyar Transparency International Najeriya, Auwal Musa Rafsanjani, ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan da suka sa cin hanci da rashawa ya yi katutu a Najeriya shi ne yadda wasu daga cikin shugabannin da aka ɗora wa alhakin yaƙi da matsalar su kansu suke karya dokoki da ƙa'idojin da ya kamata su kare.

Rafsanjani ya bayyana cewa maimakon mayar da hankali wajen samar da tsaro, ilimi, kiwon lafiya da sauran muhimman abubuwan more rayuwa, an bar rashawa da rashin kulawa su mamaye tsarin gudanar da mulki.

A cewarsa, idan talakawa suna ganin masu mulki da manyan jami'an gwamnati suna wawure dukiyar jama'a ba tare da fuskantar hukunci ba, hakan kan sa wasu su ɗauka cewa cin hanci da rashawa wata hanya ce ta ci gaba ko samun kuɗi a rayuwa.

Ya yi gargaɗin cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya samun ci gaba mai ɗorewa ba muddin ana kallon dimokuradiyya a matsayin wata hanya ta tara dukiya. A cewarsa, dimokuradiyya an ƙirƙiro ta ne domin hidimtawa al'umma, ba domin amfanin wasu tsiraru ba.

Sauƙaƙa matsalar

Rafsanjani ya ce ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin rage matsalar ita ce tabbatar da cewa masu mulki sun zama abin koyi wajen gaskiya da riƙon amana.

Ya ƙara da cewa matuƙar ana nuna son kai saboda ɓangaranci, dangantaka ko siyasa, ko kuma wasu suna samun kariya duk da karya doka, zai yi wahala a samu nasara a yaki da rashawa.

"Dole ne a tabbatar da cewa babu wanda ya fi ƙarfin doka. Matuƙar akwai masu gata ko waɗanda ake ƙyalewa saboda kusanci da masu mulki, matsalar ba za ta ragu ba," in ji shi.

Ya kuma jaddada muhimmancin ƙarfafa hukumomin gwamnati domin su gudanar da ayyukansu cikin ƴanci da gaskiya.

A cewarsa, ya zama wajibi a samar wa hukumomin da ke yaƙi da rashawa cikakken goyon baya, tare da tabbatar da cewa duk wanda aka samu da laifi ya fuskanci hukuncin da ya dace ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsa ba.

Da aka tambaye shi ko Najeriya na da isassun dokokin yaki da rashawa, Rafsanjani ya ce matsalar ƙasar ba rashin dokoki ba ne, illa dai yadda ake aiwatar da su.

Shugaban na Transparency International Najeriya ya kuma yi watsi da ra'ayin da ke cewa akwai bambanci tsakanin ƙaramar rashawa da babba. Ya ce dukkan nau'ukan rashawa na haddasa illa ga al'umma da ci gaban ƙasa.

Ya bayar da misali cewa idan wani baƙo daga wata ƙasa ya shiga Najeriya sannan jami'ai suka nemi kuɗi kafin su yi aikinsu, hakan zai zubar da mutuncin ƙasar a idon duniya.

"Haka kuma idan mutum ya je asibiti amma aka ƙi kula da shi saboda bai bayar da na goro ba, wannan na iya haddasa asarar rayuwa. Don haka babu wata rashawa da za a ce karama ce," in ji shi.