Yaƙin Iran: Shin toshe hanyoyin ruwa ya taɓa aiki, kuma yaya tasirinsa?

Iran ta kaddamar da hare-haren jirage mara matuki kan jiragen ruwan sojin Amurka a yankin Oman, kamar yadda kamfanin dillancin labarai na Iran Tasnim ya ruwaito, bayan da Amurka ta ƙwace wani jirgin ruwa ɗauke da tutar Iran.

Amurka ta ce an tarwatsa jirgin na Iran bayan "kasa yin biyayya ga gargadin da aka yi ta yi" daga sojojin ƙasar na kusan sa'o'i shida.

Bayanai sun nuna cewa jirgin na Touska ya kasance yana da nisan mil 40 da tashar jiragen ruwa na Chabahar, a kudu maso gabashin Iran, bayan barin tashar Klang, a Malaysia, a ranar 12 ga Afrilu.

Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya ce sun yi ta "gargaɗin dakatar da zirga-zirga" bayan kokarin bi ta hanyar da Amurka ta kulle a tashar jiragen ruwa na Iran.

"Ma'aikatan jirgin na Iran sun ki bin umarni, saboda haka ne sojojin ruwan mu suka ɓula wani wuri a injin jirgin," in ji shi. A yanzu katon jigin ruwan yana karkashin ikon Amurka, a cewar Trump. Ya kuma kasance cikin takunkuman Amurka "saboda tarihin aikata ba daidai ba".

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US blockade line in Gulf of Oman - 2026041703

Matakin Amurka na toshe tashar jiragen ruwan ya sake janyo wani daɗaɗɗen hanyar tilastawa a fagen yaƙi: toshe hanyoyin ruwa don gurgunta tattalin arziki, katsalanda a harkar kasuwanci da tailasta abokin gaba sauya hanya ko kuma miƙa wuya.

Tarihi ya nuna cewa yayin da matakai za su iya tasiri wajen matsin lamba, tasirinsu a tsawon lokaci yana da tsarkakiya. A wasu lokuta - musamman lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu - toshe hanyoyin jiragen ruwa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage wa ƙasa ƙarfin jure yaƙi.

Takunkumin da aka saka wa Gaza da Yemen, sun janyo gagarumar matsalar jin-kai ba tare da samun mafita ba.

Toshe hanyar jiragen ruwan Jamus

Toshe hanyoyin jiragen ruwan Jamus lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu (1914-1919) na ɗaya daga cikin misalai na abin da Amurka ta yi a yanzu. Maimakon ƙwace iko da tashoshin jiragen ruwan Jamus, Birtaniyar ta dogara da ƙarfinta a arewacin teku wajen kula da jiragen da ke wuce wa.

Sojojin ruwan ƙasar na duba jirage da kuma matsa lamba kan ƙasashe ƴan ba-ruwanmu, da kuma yanke Jamus daga kasuwancin duniya. A tsawon lokaci, an faɗaɗa takunkumi kan kayayyakin da aka haramta fitarwa, wanda ya zarce daga kayan soji zuwa abinci da kuma taki.

Da farko Jamus ta yi nasarar jure lamarin ta hanyar yin kasuwanci tsakanin ƙasashen da ke da mu'amala mai kyau da kuma harkokin cikin gida. Sai dai yayin da yaƙin ya ɗauki tsawon lokaci, abubuwan da ake shigar wa a ƙasar sun ragu da kuma raguwar kayan amfanin gona da sauransu.

Lamarin ya yi muni matuka. A shekara ta 1916, batun ƙarancin abinci ya koma gagarumar matsala.

Masana tarihi sun cew lamarin ya janyo mutuwar dubban fararen hula sakamakon rashin abinci da kuma cutuka.

Toshe hanyar jiragen ruwan Japan

Dogaro da Japan ta yi wajen shigo da kayayyaki ta ruwa, ya ta shiga cikin hatsarin toshe mata hanyoyin ruwa.

A matsayinta na ƙasa mai tsibirai, ta dogara da hanyoyin jiragen ruwa wajen shigar da mai, kayayyaki, abinci da kuma kai wa sojojinta a faɗin tekun Pacific kaya.

Daga 1943, jiragen ruwan Amurka sun ci gaba da matsa wa hanyoyin ruwan Japan, inda daga baya aiki na musamman da suka yi a cikin ruwan ya janyo cikas ga zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa.

A shekarun karshe na yaƙin, an durkusar da ɓangaren kasuwancin Japan. Lamarin ya kai ga samun tawaya a tattalin arzikin ƙasar.

Ba kamar Jamus ba, Japan ba ta da wasu hanyoyi da za su iya rage mata matsin lamba.

Duk da cewa ta miƙa wuya sakamakon abubuwa da dama - ciki har da tashin bama-bamai da kuma shigar Tarayyar Soviet cikin yakin - amma toshe hanyoyin sufurin ruwa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa.

'Killace ɓangaren ruwan' Cuba a 1962

Rikicin makami mai linzami na Cuba ya kwatanta yadd amfani da matsi na teku yake. Da gangan Amurka ta kauce wa kiran matakin nata a matsayin toshe hanyar ruwa, a maimakon haka ta yi amfani da kalmar "killacewa" don kauce wa saɓa wa doka.

An aika dakarun Amurka don hana kayan sojojin Soviet kai wa Cuba, karkashin mulkin shugaba John F Kennedy.

Lamarin na taƙaitaccen lokaci ne: don hana kai ƙarin makaman linzami da kuma samar da hanyar tattaunawa da Moscow.

Samamen bai wuce wata ɗaya ba, kuma an yi shi ne a matsayin tauna aya don tsakuwa ta ji tsoro. Hakan ya sa wasu jiragen ruwan Soviet juya wa baya saboda kauce wa rikici.

An kawo karshen rikicin ta hanyar tattaunawar diflomasiyya, inda aka janye makaman linzamin Soviet daga Cuba, da kuma makaman linzamin Amurka daga Turkiyya cikin sirri.

Takunkumin MDD kan Iraki

Bayan mamayar da Iraki ta yi wa Kuwait a 1990, Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya kakaba takunkumai kan Iraki, ciki har da matakan sa ido da kuma takaita zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwan kasa.

Wannan ya kasance daga shekarun 1990 har zuwa farkon shekarun 2000, kuma ya zama muhimmin abu na kokarin mayar da Iraki saniyar ware a ɓangaren tattalin arziki da kuma tilasta mata bin ka'idojin ƙasa da ƙasa.

Duk da cewa an takaita wa Iraki amfani da ruwa, lamarin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daƙile fitar da mai waje. Sai dai, hanyoyin ƙasa sun taimaka wajen rage raɗaɗin takunkumin da kuma tasirinsa.

A aikace, waɗannan matakai sun fi tasiri idan aka haɗa su tare da manyan takunkumi da kuma matsin lamba na soja.

Sanya takunkumin ruwa kan tsohuwar Yugoslavia

Lokacin yakin Balkan, takunkuman Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan Jamhuriyar Yugoslavia sun ta'allaka kan teku ta hanyar wani shirin haɗin gwiwa da NATO da kuma Tarayyar Turai.

Tsakanin 1992 zuwa 1996, an duba dubban jiragen ruwa, kuma an karkatar da ɗaruruwa ko dakatar da su.

Lamarin ya ƙarfafa tasirin takunkumi, sai dai, bai kawo karshen rikicin ba.

Sai da aka haɗa soji da kuma matsin lamba na diflomasiyya kafin a cimma matsaya na kawo karshen rikicin.

Toshe Gaza

Toshe hanyar kai kayayyaki Gaza tun 2007, yana cikin wani ɓangare na takunkumai kan kasuwanci da kuma damar samun kayayyaki.

Toshe hanyar ruwanta - a 2009 - ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen takaita amfani da teku. Isra'ila ta ce an ɗauki matakan don hana shigo da makamai.

Kungiyoyin agaji sun kalubalanci cewa matakan sun yi wa tattalin arzikin Gaza lahani da kuma janyo tsadar rayuwa.

Har yanzu ana muhawara kan dacewar toshe hanyar kai kayayyakin a matakin shari'a. A 2024, Kotun Duniya ta nuna damuwa kan yanayi mara kyau da yankuna Falasɗinawa ke fuskanta.

Duk da takunkumai na tsawon shekaru, lamarin bai dakatar da rikici da ake fama da shi a yankin ba, da kuma kasa samar da mafita ta samun zaman lafiya.

Toshe hanyar ruwan Yemen

Tun 2015, wani jagorancin Saudiyya ya kakaba takunkumi kan tashoshin jiragen ruwan Yemen da kuma sararin samaniyarta, wanda aka yi da nufin takaita yaɗuwar makamai zuwa ga mayaƙan Houthi.

Yemen ta dogara matuka kan kayayyaki da ake shigarwa a ƙasar, don haka waɗannan takunkumai sun yi tasiri sosai kan fararen hula. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sha yin gargadin barazanar fuskantar fari, ƙarancin mai da kuma matsala a cibiyoyin lafiya.

Toshe hanyoyin ruwan ya ƙara matsin lamba kan Houthi, sai dai bai kai ga samun mafita mai kyau ba. Maimakon haka, lamarin ya janyo wajen tsawaita matsalar jin kai da kuma suka daga ƙasashen waje.