Kubera iki kandi ni gute Amerika yugaye ikivuko ca Irani mu muhora wa Hormuz?

Donald Trump yavuze ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zagavye igitero kandi zigafata ubwato bw'imizigo bufise ibendera rya Iran bwagerageza kurenga ku bihano vyo kwugara ibivuko.

Ubwo bwato, bwitwa Touska, bwahagaritswe mu kigobe ca Oman.

Mu ntango z'uku kwezi, igisirikare ca Amerika cari catangaje ko kigiye guhagarika canke gusubiza inyuma ubwato bwose buva canke buja ku bivuko vya Iran.

Washington yavuze ko ubwato buva canke buja ahandi hantu buzokwemererwa guca mu muhora wa Hormuz, inzira y'amazi ihambaye cane iri hafi y'inkengera za Iran, iyo Tehran yari yugaye mu kwishura ibitero vya Amerika na Israeli.

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zishaka kubuza Tehran kuronka inyungu mu kugurisha ibitoro mu ntumbero yo gushira igitutu kuri ico gihugu.

Kubera iki Trump yafashe ingingo yo kwugara ibivuko vya Irani?

Donald Trump yizigiye gushira igitutu kuri Iran mu kwibasira ibintu bibiri bikomeye bituma ubutunzi bwayo bukora: amahera menshi yasaba ubwato burihe kugira buce mu muhora wa Hormuz, hamwe n'amafaranga ava mu kudandaza igitoro.

Umukuru w'igihugu ca Amerika yabwiye televiziyo Fox News ati: "ntituzokwemera ko Iran ironka amafaranga mu kugurisha peteroli ku bo ishaka, canke abo idashaka." Yavuze ko intumbero ari uko "haba haca vyose canke ntihace na kimwe" muri iyo nzira y'amazi.

Iran na yo yishuye ivuga ko iryo hagarikwa ry'ibivuko ari "ubusuma bwo mu mazi", itera ubwoba ko ishobora kwihora yibasira ibivuko vyo mu bihugu vyo mu kigobe.

Umumenyeshamakuru wa BBC mu vy'umutekano, Frank Gardner, yavuze ko iryo hagarikwa ritera ingorane zibiri zikomeye:

None Ihagarikwa ryo ku mazi ni iki?

Igitabo c'amabwirizwa agenga ibikorwa vy'igisirikare co ku mazi (US Navy) co mu 2022 gisigura ko "ihagarikwa ryo ku mazi" ari igikorwa c'intambara kigamije kubuza ubwato canke indege z'ibihugu vyose, yaba ivyo bahanganye canke ibidafise aho bihagaze, kwinjira canke gusohoka mu bivuko, ku bibuga vy'indege canke ku nkengera z'igihugu c'umwansi, canke ahari mu maboko yaco canke kigenzura."

Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe amabahari (International Maritime Organization) rivuga ko ata gihugu na kimwe gifise uburenganzira bwo kubuza ubwato mu mihora ikoreshwa mu ngendo mpuzamakungu .

Umunyamabanga mukuru Arsenio Dominguez yabwiye BBC ati: "Ndazi ko hari ukutumvikana, ariko nta shingiro ry'amategeko mpuzamakungu rihari ryo gufata ingingo zo kuzibira umuhora uwo ari wo wose ukoreshwa mu kugendera mu mazi mpuzamakungu."

Donald Rothwell, umwigisha w'amategeko mpuzamakungu kuri kaminuza ya Australia, yavuze ko amategeko mpuzamakungu azobona Amerika, Israel na Irani nk'"abarwanyi" aho kuba "abatagira aho bahengamiye."

Yongeyeko ati: "Ibi bisigura ko Amerika, nk'uruhande ruri mu ntambara, ishobora gushiraho ihagarikwa ryo ku mazi mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko mpuzamakungu — cane cane amategeko agenga intambara zo ku mazi."

None uko kuzibira kuri hehe ?

Aho ubwato bw'intambara bwa Amerika buri ntihamenyekana ku mugaragaro. Ivyo bituma bigorana kumenya neza aho Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zishora guhagarikira ubwato.

Ariko, igisirikare ca Amerika gishobora kutigera gishira ubwato bwaco hafi cane y'inkengera za Iran kubera ibitero vya misile n'ama "drone".

Ahubwo, intumbero y'iryo hagarikwa ishobora kwibanda ku kigobe ca Oman, aho ubwato bwinshi bw'ibitoro vya peteroli buca, harimwo n'ukuva muri Iran.

Igirikare ca Amerika gishobora gukoresha amakuru ava ku ma "satellite" n'ayo iperereza bw'ubudandaji kugira zikurikirane ubwato buva mu bivuko vya Iran, kikarindira ko bushika mw'ibahari Indiana kugira ngo kibufate.

Ikigo kijejwe kugenzura igisirikare ca Amerika (Centcom) kivuga ko hari ubwato bw'intambara burenga 12 hamwe n'indege z'intambara zirenga 100 biri muri ivyo bikorwa.

Amashusho ya satellite yo ku wa 11 Ndamukiza(4) yasuzumwe na BBC Verify yerekanye ko ubwato bunini butwara indege USS Abraham Lincoln, buri ku ruhande rw'iburasirazuba bw'ikigobe ca Oman, hafi ibirometero 200 mu bumanuko bw'inkengera za Iran.

Ubu ni bwo bwari ubwa mbere BBC Verify ibona ubu bwato bukoresha inguvu za nukiliyeri, buri hafi cane n'iyo nyanja kuva intambara itanguye.

Hari n'ubundi bwato bubiri bw'intambara buboneka muri ayo mashusho, asa mu bunini n'imiterere n'ubwato bwa Amerika butwara misile.

Birashoboka ko ari mu mugwi urinda ubwato Abraham Lincoln, ariko BBC Verify ntirashobora kumenya neza ubwo bwato ubwo ari bwo.

Iryo hagarikwa ryo ku mazi rizoshirwa mu ngiro gute?

US Central Command yavuze ko yegereye ubwato Touska ikoresheje kajugujugu, hanyuma abasirikare ba marines baramanuka kuri ubwo bwato bakoresheje imigozi.

Donald Trump yari yabanje kwandika ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi ko "ubwato bwacu bwo ku mazi bwabahagaritse mu buryo butaziguye mu guturitsa ahari imoteri ."

Centcom yari yaravuze mbere ko izokwemerera ubwato butwaye imfashanyo z'ubutabazi gusa, harimwo ibifungurwa, imiti n'ibindi bikenerwa vy'ingenzi, ariko bibanje gusuzumwa.

Trump yongeye kuvuga ko Amerika igiye gutangura gusambura ibisasu vyo mu mazi (mines) ivuga ko vyatezwe na Iran muri uwo muhora.

Umukuru wa Amerika yongeyeko ko "igihe kimwe" hazoshikirwa amasezerano yo kureka uruja n'uruza rw'ubwato.

Mu ntango z'ukwezi kwa Ndamukiza. Centcom yavuze ko ubwato butandatu bw'ubudandaji bwari bwasabwe gusubira inyuma, bugasubira mu bivuko vya Irani biri mu kigobe ca Oman .

Ni gute Iran n'ibindi bihugu bizogerwako n'ingaruka z'ihagarikwa ryo ku mazi?

Inyuma y'uko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zitangarije ko abakuru ba Israeli na Libani bemeye agahengwe k'imisi 10, umushikiranganji w'imigenderanire wa Iran yavuze ko umuhora wa Hormuz ugiye kwugururwa .

Haheze akanya gato, Donald Trump yavuze ko ihagarikwa ry'ibivuko vya Iran rikorwa n'ingabo za Amerika rizoguma rikurikizwa gushika habonetse amasezerano. Iran yaciye ivuga ko iyo nzira y'amazi yongeye kwugarwa.

Kwugarwa kw'iyo nzira, aho haca igice kimwe kuri bitanu (1/5) c'ibitoro na Gaz, vyatumye ibiciro vy'ibitoro biduga cane.

Ariko Iran yarabandanije kudandaza ibitoro vyayo, ivyo bikayifasha kuronka inyungu nyinshi kubera ibiciro biri hejuru. Ukwezi kwa gatatu kwabaye ukwa gatanu mu mezi Iran yacuruje ibitoro vyinshi mu mwaka n'igice iheze.

Iryo hagarikwa rishobora no kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bihugu bigura ibitoro vya Iran.

Mu 2022, hafi 82% vy'ibitoro n'ibindi biva mu gitoro vyaca muri iyo nzira vyaja mu bihugu vya Aziya, nk'uko vyavuzwe n'ishirahamwe rya Amerika ryitaho amakuru y'ibitoro.

Ubushinwa bwonyene bugura hafi 90% vy'ibitoro Iran irungika hanze. Mu ntango z'uku kwezi, ubushikiranganji bw'imigenderanire y'Ubushinwa bwavuze ko ihagarikwa rya Amerika "riteye akaga" kandi "ritagira ishingiro".

Abasesenguzi bavuga ko iryo hagarikwa rishobora kuba rigamije guhatira Ubushinwa kugira uruhara runini mu biganiro vy'amahoro.

Iryo hagarikwa riramutse rimaze igihe kirekire, rishobora kwonona cane ubutunzi bw'isi, rigatuma ibiciro vy'ibitoro n'ibifungurwa biduga, kandi rigatuma bigorana kuronka ibikoresho vy'ingenzi nka aluminium, helium n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora ifumbire.

Ikigega mpuzamakungu c'amafaranga (FMI) cagabishije ku wa kabiri ko ubutunzi bw'isi buri mu kaga kandi ko bushobora gusubira inyuma nimba intambara ibandanya n'ibiciro vy'ibitoro bikaguma biri hejuru.

Iyo banki mpuzamakungu yongeye kuvuga ko ihungabana ry'ibitoro riterwa n'intambara, rizokora cane ku bwongereza kurusha ibindi bihugu bikomeye.

Abasivile bo muri Irani na bo nyene barashobora gushikirwa n'ingorane, kuko igihugu cizigira intete n'ingano biva hanze, ivyo bikaba bishobora gutuma haba ibibazo vyo kuronka ibifungurwa.

Ni Ubwato bungahe busanzwe bukoresha umuhora wa Hormuz

Aho uwo muhora uri vyatumye Iran iwukoresha nk'igikorwa co gushira igitutu muri iyi ntambara, ikoresheje iterabwoba ryo kubuza ubwato bumwe bumwe guca muri iyo nzira ifunganye.

Hafi ubwato 3,000 ku kwezi ni bwo busanzwe buca muri iyo nzira, ariko mu gihe c'iminrwano iheruka, ivyo vyaragabanutse cane gushika ku bwato bukeya cane ku munsi.

Iyo nzira kandi ni ngirakamaro cane mu kwinjiza ibintu mu bihugu vyo mu buseruko bwo hagati, harimwo ibifungurwa, imiti n'ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa none.

Iryo hungabana ryatumye haba ikibazo gikomeye c'ibitoro muri Aziya, aho ibihugu vyinshi bivana ibitoro mu buseruko bwo hagati.

Leta zategetse abakozi gukorera muhira, zigabanya iminsi y'akazi mu ndwi, zitangaza ibiruhuko vy'igihugu, zirugara n'amashure ya kaminuza kugira ngo zizigame ivyo bafise.

Mbega Ubwongereza n'ibindi bihugu biriko biragira uruhara mu guhagarika iyo nzira?

Umushikiranganji wa mbere Sir Keir Starmer yavuze ko ingabo z'Ubwongereza zitazogira uruhara mu gushira mu ngiro iyo ngingo yo kuzibira mu mazi.

Ubwato bwo gutegura ibisasu vyatezwe mu mazi hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ama drone vy'Ubwongereza bizobandanya gukorera muri ako karere, ariko ubwato bw'intambara n'abasirikare b'Abongereza ntibazokoreshwa mu gufunga ibivuko vya Iran.

Donald Trump yavuze ko ibindi bihugu bizofasha mu guhagarika iyo nzira y'amazi, ariko ntiyavuze ivyo ari vyo.

Trump yabwiye kandi Fox News ko NATO yatanze ugufasha mu "gusukura neza" iyo nzira, yongerako ko izosubira gukoreshwa mu mwidegemvyo "mu gihe kitari kirekire".