Last updated: 21 may, 2010 - 15:14 GMT
In South Sudan President Salva Kiir takes his oath of office
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The leader of the main political party in Southern Sudan, Salva Kiir Mayardit has been sworn in as the region's first elected president.
His new South Sudan government will be concentrating on pushing through the referendum next January on whether the South becomes independent or remains part of a united Sudan.
The BBC's Hassan Arouni asked the Sudan Director for the advocacy and research organisation Justice Africa, Hafez Mohammed what are the likely problems on the road to the referendum.
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