Summary

  • The US central bank has left interest rates unchanged in its final decision before the US midterm elections

  • Last month, the Federal Reserve raised rates for the first time in three years to 3.75%-4%, hinting at additional hikes this year to help curb inflation

  • Today's decision was not unanimous with two of the 12 board members voting to raise rates

  • President Trump strongly opposes interest rate hikes and pushed for a quick cut following the bank's September decision

  • Fed Chair Kevin Warsh says despite "geopolitical developments" the US economy is resilient but inflation remains elevated

  • What are interest rates? Interest rates impact many parts of our personal finances, including mortgages, car loans and student debt. Central banks often raise rates when inflation is too high

Do you have questions about the US midterm elections?

  1. Warsh won't respond to Trump comments on Fed board compositionpublished at 19:03 GMT

    Warsh is reminded about recent comments by Trump suggesting the Fed board's bipartisan makeup means there are people on it that "would like to see the country do badly in my opinion".

    The Fed chair is asked if he agrees with those comments.

    But Warsh says he wouldn't respond to statements made by Trump or other public officials.

    "We came to the right policy decision for this moment and I am honoured to be here and honoured to be the chairman of this group," he says.

  2. Trump's adamant opposition to raising interest ratespublished at 18:58 GMT

    Donald Trump, in a blue suit, gestures toward the camera while with his index finger pointing upImage source, EPA

    The US president has been clear in no uncertain terms that he wants to see interest rates in the US lowered.

    While it’s not his decision to make (that falls to the central bank), it hasn’t stopped Trump from making his views heard.

    After the Fed raised rates last month for the first time since 2023, Trump took to social media to demand a lower rate.

    "Interest Rates in the United States should be 1%, or less, because we are the Best Credit in the World,” he said. "LOWER THE INTEREST RATES FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND FAST!”

  3. Warsh asked why rates were not raised todaypublished at 18:48 GMT

    A man in a grey suit, white shirt and blue tie stands at a podium in front of two US flagsImage source, Getty Images

    Reporters are now asking Warsh questions.

    One asks the Fed chair if the group is inching towards raising rates in December, why not raise rates today?

    Warsh says that "quashing inflation" is not about a specific date or data point, but rather about the broader objectives and a monetary policy strategy.

    He says there's a lot that's happening in the world before the next meeting and he will be watching to see what happens globally.

    "We're working on it," Warsh says.

  4. 'It's our responsibility to get inflation down' says Warshpublished at 18:42 GMT

    High tech investment is leading US economic acceleration and the jobless rate is lower than a year ago, Warsh says.

    The Fed has a dual mandate of maximum employment and stable prices. On the jobs side of its goals, Warsh says that is looking "quite positive".

    But on the price side, he reiterates that "inflation is too high" for American households.

    "Americans, of course, are still dealing inflation that has been running above the committee's objective for close to six years," he says. "It's our responsibility to get inflation down."

  5. Warsh says Fed 'will deliver price stability'published at 18:36 GMT

    A man with dark hair, a blue tie, white shirt and grey suit stands at a blue podium with two American flags behind himImage source, Getty Images

    Fed chair Kevin Warsh is now speaking to the media, following his remarks he's expected to take questions from reporters.

    He says the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) maintained the rate, but cautioned that the financial uncertainty remains due to "geopolitical developments".

    Warsh says the economy is resilient, but notes that inflation remains elevated.

    "The committee will deliver price stability," he added.

  6. Federal Reserve chair Kevin Warsh to address the mediapublished at 18:25 GMT

    Fed chair Kevin Warsh is set to hold a news conference in a few minutes.

    He will answer questions from reporters who are likely to ask about the committee's decision to keep rates as they are - and about the overall health of the US economy.

    We will bring you his most important lines here.

  7. How the federal interest rate has changed over the last five yearspublished at 18:20 GMT

    Line chart showing the upper limit of the US Federal Reserve's federal funds target range from 2021 to October 2026. Interest rates remain near 0.25% through early 2022, then rise rapidly in a series of increases to peak at 5.5% in 2023 and remain there into 2024. Rates then decline gradually during 2025 and early 2026 before edging up slightly. The latest value, in October 2026, is 4.0%.

    The US central bank increased interest rates last month for the first time since 2023.

    Another increase is widely expected later this year.

  8. US economy resilient despite uncertainty, central bank sayspublished at 18:16 GMT

    Rachel Clun
    Business reporter

    In its news release justifying why it held the interest rate steady, the Federal Reserve acknowledged that inflation remains high.

    But it also said it wants to gather more information on how best to bring it down.

    “The committee will deliver price stability,” it said.

    The Fed noted that while there was uncertainty, the US economy remained resilient.

    “Economic activity is expanding at a strong pace,” the committee said. “Job gains have kept pace with the workforce, and the unemployment rate has changed little."

  9. Decision to hold rates steady was not unanimouspublished at 18:07 GMT

    Rachel Clun
    Business reporter

    The decision to hold rates steady today was not unanimous.

    While 10 of the 12 members of the Federal Open Market Committee voted to keep rates unchanged, two voted to increase rates to 4%-4.25%, from its current 3.75%-4%.

    The Fed increased rates last month for the first time in three years, and it is anticipated to raise them again before the year is over.

  10. US central bank keeps interest rates the samepublished at 18:01 GMT
    Breaking

    The US Federal Reserve has announced it will hold interest rates steady at 3.75%-4%.

  11. Two potential reasons for rising prices in the USpublished at 17:53 GMT

    Michelle Fleury
    New York business correspondent

    President Donald Trump holds up a chart while announcing the “Liberation Day” tariffs in April 2025Image source, Getty Images

    Some economists argue that today's higher prices are at least partly the result of Trump’s own policies, including tariffs, and the economic fallout from the US-Israel war with Iran.

    "The inflation is clearly traceable to Donald Trump," says Peter Morici, a University of Maryland economist who aligns with Republicans. "It's his tariffs and the war. People know that. They see it."

    Trump's "Liberation Day" tariffs, announced in April 2025, have added to costs for consumers.

    A study by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York found the tariffs increased consumer goods prices by about 2.9%.

    The impact might have been larger if Trump hadn't later paused some tariffs, struck new trade deals and been blocked by the Supreme Court from using emergency powers to impose many others.

    Conflict with Iran has pushed global oil prices higher, lifted the cost of petrol at home and put fresh pressure on household budgets.

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  12. What is the interest rate and why should you care?published at 17:43 GMT

    Sakshi Venkatraman
    Live editor

    Many American voters have affordability on their minds right now. But what can the central bank do about it?

    The Federal Reserve, or Fed, helps set borrowing costs across the economy, by deciding what to charge banks to borrow through its interest rate range.

    When it increases that key interest rate target, consumer banks typically follow with similar moves, making the cost of borrowing and taking out loans more expensive for everyone. That means higher monthly payments on debt like credit cards and car loans for Americans.

    It also can drive up interest rates for Treasuries - which in turn in turn increase the rates charged for mortgages.

    However higher interest rates can benefit savers, through higher rates of returns on deposits.

  13. Cost of living top of mind for American voterspublished at 17:30 GMT

    Bernd Debusmann Jr
    White House reporter

    Today's announcement comes just a few days before the US midterm elections, and at a time in which Americans are immensely concerned about the state of the economy.

    In most US elections, economic concerns such as inflation are the primary driver for voters, who often cast their ballots in the hopes that, more than anything, their day-to-day financial situation improves.

    One poll, released by Pew Research several days ago, found that 84% of registered voters say the the economy is very important to their vote - a fact which is true of both Democrats and Republicans.

    Interest rates are set by the Federal Reserve, and raising or lowering them isn't something that voters have any direct control over.

    Borrowing costs, however, remain a primary concern, and the decisions of the next Congress could have an impact on inflation - meaning that the issue may well be on the minds of voters next Tuesday.

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  14. The Fed has good reason to raise interest rates - but it probably won'tpublished at 17:23 GMT

    Rachel Clun
    Business reporter

    Federal Reserve Chairman Kevin Warsh speaks at the 'Managing Director Fireside Chat' with Kristalina Georgieva (not in view).Image source, LightRocket via Getty Images
    Image caption,

    Federal Reserve Chairman Kevin Warsh

    This will be an extremely closely watched meeting from the Federal Reserve. We are less than a week out from the midterm elections, which are being fought around the country over cost of living issues.

    Inflation remains higher than the central bank would like. Last month, the Fed raised interest rates for the first time in three years. Fed Chair Kevin Warsh said the board decided to move because "inflation is too high and has been for too long”.

    While that may make it sound like another rate rise is a done deal, the Fed also has plenty of reason to pause: with other economic data such as employment not pointing to an overheating economy, the Fed could decided to wait and see if those pressures remain ahead of its next meeting in December.

    That would save it the awkwardness of an increase just before the country heads to the polls, and the potential wrath of the president.

    On balance, experts expect the bank to hold rates steady. But not for long.

  15. US central bank to decide on interest ratespublished at 17:15 GMT

    Sakshi Venkatraman
    Live editor

    The Marriner S. Eccles Federal Reserve Board Building is seen under construction in Washington, D.C.Image source, Anadolu via Getty Images

    In just under an hour, the US central bank will decide on the new federal interest rate, a decision that looms large ahead of the midterm elections next week.

    It is widely expected to leave interest rates unchanged - though it has hinted at further rate hikes this year.

    The Federal Reserve has been trying to curb inflation - and interest rates, which affect everything from loans to returns on savings, are its main tool for doing so.

    For many Americans, cost of living is at the top of their minds as they prepare to vote for their representatives next week. Households are feeling the pinch of rising prices at the petrol pump and in the supermarket.

    We'll bring you all the details of the decision here.