Ikarita ya Mercator ni iki? Kandi kuki yerekana Afurika ari ntoya? Ese 'Equal Earth' yaba igiye kuyisimbura?

Inyandiko gusa
Ikarita isanzwe ikoreshwa yerekana imigabane nka Afurika na Amerika y'Epfo ari mitoya ugereranyije n'uko ingana mu by'ukuri
Insiguro y'isanamu, Ikarita isanzwe ikoreshwa yerekana imigabane nka Afurika na Amerika y'Epfo ari mitoya ugereranyije n'uko ingana mu by'ukuri
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Uwakubaza ngo ese Amerika ya Ruguru na Afurika ikinini ni ikihe? Wavuga iki?

Wifashishije ikarita wigiyeho ku ishuri ushobora kwibeshya.

Ibyo ni ukubera ko ikarita y'isi imaze imyaka igera kuri 450 ikoreshwa izwi nka Mercator Projection ihindura ubunini ikerekana Uburayi, Uburusiya, Amerika ya Ruguru cyangwa Greenland ari binini cyane naho Afurika na Amerika y'Efo bikaba bito.

Iyo urebye kuri iyo karita benshi twigiyeho ku mashuri ikwerekana mu buryo bworoshye ibihugu nk'Uburusiya, Ubushinwa, Umugabane w'Uburayi cyangwa se n'ikirwa cyonyine cya Greenland ari binini kurusha Afurika, nyamara nk'icyo kirwa kirutwa ubunini na DR Congo yonyine.

Ubumwe bwa Afurika ubu bugiye gusaba Umuryango w'Abibumbye ko iyo karita ya Mercator isimbuzwa.

Ikarita ya Mercator ni iki?

Ni ikarita yashushanyijwe mu kinyejana cya 16 mu mwaka wa 1569.

Yakozwe n'umuhanga mu bijyanye n'amakarita Gerardus Mercator wakomokaga mu gace ka Flanders, akarere karimo Ububiligi bwa none.

Mercator yayikoze kugira ngo yifashishwe n'abakoraga ingendo za kure zo mu nyanja bagamije kugera ahantu abanyaburayi batari bazi.

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Iyo karita yaje kwemerwa ikoreshwa mu burezi, mu ikoranabuhanga no mu kugaragaza umubumbe w'isi mu nzego zitandukanye.

Ariko iko iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryagiye riza, abahanga bagiye batangira gukora andi makarita (projections) bakoresheje ubuhanga bushya na za mudasobwa, ariko ikarita ya Mercator iracyakoreshwa cyane.

Kuki yerekana Afurika na Amerika y'Epfo ari bito?

Edwin Rijkaart inzobere mu bijyanye n'amakarita y'isi avuga ko 'Mercator Projection' ari imwe mu makarita meza yabayeho ku isi.

Igitekerezo cya Gerardus Mercator akora iriya karita cyari ugufasha abatwaye amato kubasha kuyigenderaho bakoresheje agakoresho ndangakerekezo ka 'compass', nk'uko Edwin abivuga.

Ati: "Muri icyo gihe cya cyera, ufite ikarita ya Mercator utwaye ubwato yabashaga byoroshye kuyigenderaho akoreshje 'compass' gusa".

Edwin asobanura ko imirongo yose yari kuri iyo karita ireshya bityo bikoroha kuyikoresha. Ibintu byahindutse ikoranabuhagna ritangiye kuza, cyane irya Google Maps.

Ubusanzwe iyo urebye ku ikarita ya 'Mercator Projection' ari na yo iboneka henshi ku isi ubona Afurika na Amerika y'Epfo nk'imigabane mito. Ariko mu by'ukuri imibere yerekena ibindi, urugero;

  • Mu gihe Afurika ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare (km²) miliyoni 30
  • Uburusiya bufite – miliyoni 17 km²
  • Uburayi – miliyoni 10,5 km²
  • Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika – miliyoni 9,8 km²
  • Ubushinwa - miliyoni 9,5 km²
  • Ubuhinde – miliyoni 3,2 km²
Ikigereranyo

Ahavuye isanamu, Illustration

Mu kugerageza gukosora amakosa ya Mercator projection abahanga bakoze izindi karita.

Edwin Rijkaart ati: "Ubu hari 'projections' nyinshi, hagati ya 40 na 50 zigerageza kwerekana umubumbe w'isi.

"Impamvu hari izo 'projections' nyinshi ni uko ikarita (map) ari uburyo bwo kwerekana isi ubusanzwe yiburungushuye ku rupapuro rurambuye. Kandi ntabwo warambura umwiburungushure utawuhinduye.

"Ni yo mpamvu abantu bakomeza kuvumbura izindi 'projections' kubera impamvu zitandukanye bagamije ibitandukanye."

'Gupfobya ingufu za Afurika'

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Iyi karita benshi twigishijwe mu myaka myinshi yashize ubu ni izingiro ry'ikiganiro cy'abaharanira kugaragaza isi mu buryo bungana bugendeye ku mibare nyakuri y'ubunini bw'imigabane y'isi.

Impirimbanyi zitandukanye zimaze imyaka ziharanira ikoreshwa rya Equal Earth Projection mu bukangurambaga bise #CorrectTheMap bifuza ko ibihugu, amashuri, n'itangazamakuru gukoresha iyi karita nshya.

Moky Makura ukuriye ikigo Africa No Filter kimwe mu biharanira izi mpinduka aheruka kubwira BBC ati: "Ikintu cy'ingenzi muri ibi ni uko mu by'ukuri ikarita twerekana ubu ibeshya.

"Nayita ikintu kiyobya kimaze imyaka myinshi kurusha ibindi kuko ntiyerekana ukuri. Yerekana Afurika ari nto kurusha uko iri, ibyo bipfobya ingufu za Afurika n'umwanya wayo ku isi.

"Kuyerekana ari nto ku Burayi kandi mu by'ukuri ushobora gufata Uburayi, Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde byose bigakwira muri Afurika, ibyo bigabanya agaciro k'uyu mugabane, mu ngufu n'amahirwe.

"Kuri njye ibi si ugukosora ikinyoma gusa ahubwo no kwerekana ukuri nyako".

Ishusho y'ikarita ya 'Equal Earth Projection'

Ahavuye isanamu, Illustration

Insiguro y'isanamu, Ishusho y'ikarita ya 'Equal Earth Projection'

Hashize imyaka myinshi ibigo nka Banki y'isi na National Geographic Society bihagaritse gukoresha 'Mercator Projection map'.

Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka Umuryango w'ubumwe bwa Afurika wemeje ko ibihugu bya Afurika byose bikwiye gutangira gukoresha ikarita izwi nka 'Equal Earth Projection'

Equal Earth projection' yo ni 'projection' yahanzwe mu 2018 n'abahanga batatu Tom Patterson, Bojan Šavrič na Bernhard Jenny bagamije kugerageza kwerekana ubunini nyakuru bw'ahantu hose ku isi.