Pakistani: Uko ibitaro byanduza abana virusi itera SIDA

Ghazal Abbasi, Seamus Mirodan na Mohammad Zubair Khan

Kuburira: Iyi nkuru irimo amakuru ashobora gutera agahinda abasomyi

Mohammed Amin yari afite imyaka umunani ubwo yapfaga nyuma y'igihe gito abaganga bamusanzemo agakoko gatera SIDA.

Nyina witwa Sughra yagize ati: ''Yagize umuriro mwinshi cyane ku buryo yavuze ko ashaka kuryama mu mvura, kuko yavugaga ko ababara cyane nk'aho yajugunywe mu mavuta ashyushye".

"Twakundaga kurwana, ariko nanone yarankundaga," - Asma umukobwa w'imyaka 10 yabibwiye BBC ubwo yari apfukamye iruhande rw'imva ya murumuna we.

Nyuma gato y'uko musaza we yandujwe iyi virusi, Asma na we yapimwe agakoko gatera SIDA.

Umuryango we wemera ko abana bombi bandujwe n'urushinge ubwo bavurwaga mu bitaro bya leta i Taunsa, mu ntara ya Punjab muri Pakistan.

Aba ni abana babiri mu bana 331, BBC Eye yagaragaje ko bapimwe agakoko gatera SIDA muri uwo mujyi hagati y'Ugushyingo (11) 2024 n'Ukwakira (10) 2025.

Nyuma y'uko umuganga wo mu ivuriro ryigenga ahuje iki cyorezo n'ibitaro byitwa THQ Taunsa, mu mpera za 2024, abakuru b'inzego z'ibanze basezeranyije "guhiga" no guhagarika umukuru w'ibyo bitaro muri Werurwe(3), 2025.

Ariko iperereza rya BBC Eye rigaragaza ko ikoreshwa ry'inshinge na serenge (syringe) byakoreshejwe mbere - ari nabyo bikekwaho kwanduza SIDA abana - rigikomeje.

Mu masaha 32 yo gufata amashusho mu ibanga mu bitaro bya THQ Taunsa mu mpera za 2025, twiboneye uburyo inshinge na serenge zikoreshwa mu miti itandukanye inshuro zirenga 10 ku miti itandukanye.

Ntituzi niba hari umwana ufite agakoko gatera SIDA muri abo bana, ariko ubu buryo bushobora guteza akaga ko kwandura virusi.

Nyuma yo kureba amashusho yacu, Dr. Altaf Ahmed, umuhanga mu by'ibinyabuzima akaba n'umwe mu bahanga mu by'indwara zandura muri Pakisitani, yagize ati: "Nubwo baba barashyize urushinge rushya ariko ku muyoboro umwe wa serenge y'umuti – virusi ishobora kwanduza [undi muntu]."

Nubwo hari amashusho ku nkuta z'ibitaro agaragaza uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha inshinge, twafashe amajwi y'abakozi - barimo n'umuganga - batera abarwayi inshinge badafite uturindantoki inshuro 66.

Impuguke imwe yatubwiye ko videwo yacu igaragaza intege nke zikomeye mu mahugurwa yo kurwanya ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA muri Pakistan.

Twanabonye umuforomo arimo gukora mu gasanduku gashyirwamo 'imyanda y'ubuvuzi atambaye akarindantoki (gloves).

Ahmed agira ati: "Arimo kwica amategeko yose y'imikoreshereze y'inshinge."

Ariko ubwo twerekaga umuyobozi mushya w'ibitaro, Dr. Qasim Buzdar, amashusho twari twafashe, yanze kwemera ko ari ukuri.

Yavuze ko ayo majwi yaba yarafashwe mbere yuko ajya ku butegetsi cyangwa "aya mashusho ashobora kuba yarahimbwe," anashimangira ko ibitaro bifite umutekano ku bana.

Icyorezo cya SIDA

Dr. Gul Qaisrani, umuganga mu ivuriro ryigenga ryo muri ako gace, ni we wa mbere watahuye icyorezo cya SIDA mu mpera za 2024 nyuma yo kubona ko umubare w'abana bazaga mu ivuriro rye bapimwe virusi itera SIDA wariyongereye.

Avuga ko abana hafi ya bose bari hagati ya 65 na 70 yamenye bavuriwe mu bitaro bya THQ Taunsa.

Yibuka umubyeyi wamubwiye ko umukobwa we yatewe urushinge rumwe na mubyara we ubana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA, kandi ko urwo rushinge rwakoreshejwe ku bandi bana benshi.

Qaisrani avuga ko hari umubyeyi wamubwiye ko yanga ikoreshwa ry'inshinge zakoreshejwe mu bitaro bya THQ Taunsa ariko abaforomo barabyirengagiza.

BBC Eye yakusanyije amakuru aturuka muri gahunda yo gupima SIDA mu ntara ya Punjab, amavuriro yigenga, n'amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara na polisi kugira ngo hamenyekane abana 331 banduye virusi itera SIDA mu mujyi wa Taunsa hagati y'Ugushyingo (11) 2024 n'Ukwakira(10), 2025.

Mu bana 97 banduye agakoko gatera SIDA imiryango yabo nayo yapimwe, ba nyina bane gusa ni bo banduye agakoko gatera SIDA. Ibi bigaragaza ko bake muri abo bana banduye batewe no kwandura kwanduzanya kwa nyina n'umwana.

Nyina wa Mohammed Amin na Asma, Sughra, yapimwe basanga nta virusi itera SIDA afite - umugabo we yapfuye mu myaka ibiri ishize azize impanuka yo mu muhanda.

Guverinoma y'intara ya Punjab yagize icyo ivuga muri Werurwe (3), 2025, ubwo yavugaga ko umubare w'abarwayi ari 106. Umuyobozi w'ibitaro bya THQ Taunsa, Dr. Tayyab Farooq Chandio, yahagaritswe ku kazi.

Ariko BBC Eye yamenye ko mu mezi atatu yari yongeye gukorana n'abana nk'umuganga mukuru mu kigo nderabuzima cyo mu cyaro mu nkengero za Taunsa.

Ibyo abaganga bavuga

Muganga Chandio avuga ko akimara kumenya ko abana banduye agakoko gatera SIDA, yafashe "ingamba zose zikenewe".

Mu kiganiro yagiranye na BBC Eye, yavuze ko yabikoze ako kanya nyuma yo kumenyeshwa icyorezo cya SIDA mu bitaro bya THQ Taunsa, ariko avuga ko ibitaro atari byo byateye icyorezo.

Chandio yasimbuwe na Buzdar, wabwiye BBC ko kurwanya agakoko gatera SIDA ari cyo "cyibandwaho cyane" ubwo yatangiraga kuyobora muri Werurwe 2025 kandi ko yashyizeho politiki "yo kutihanganira na gato" abantu bakoresha inshinge mu buryo buteje akaga.

Agira ati: "Twakoresheje gahunda z'amahugurwa ku bakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima n'abaforomo ku buryo bwo kwirinda no kurwanya virusi itera SIDA. Bahuguwe neza muri ibi."

Ariko, ibimenyetso bya BBC Eye byemeza ko ibikorwa bihungabanya umutekano bikomeje nyuma y'amezi umunani.

Amafoto yacu yo mu kwezi kw'Ugushyingo (11) n'Ukuboza (12), 2025, yafashwe mu , yagaragaza inshinge n'uducupa bigomba kubikwa bisigaye bigaragara iruhande rw'inshinge zakoreshejwe.

Twafashe kandi amajwi y'umuforomokazi afata seringe yakoreshejwe mu kabati ke yari igifite umuti yari yateye undi murwayi. Aho kuwujugunya, yayihaye mugenzi we, wagombaga kongera kuwukoresha ku wundi mwana.

Ubwo twerekaga Buzdar videwo zacu z'ibanga, yashimangiye ko zafashwe amajwi mbere y'ubuyobozi bwe cyangwa ko zari zarateguwe.

Ubwo yabazwaga icyo yabwira ababyeyi bo muri ako gace barebaga iyi videwo, yagize ati: "Ndababwira ntashidikanya, nta gushidikanya, mugomba kuvurirwa muri THQ Taunsa."

Itangazo rya Guverinoma

Mu itangazo ryatanzwe n'ubuyobozi bw'akarere, yavuze ko "nta kimenyetso cyemewe kigaragaza ko THQ ari yo yateye" icyorezo cya SIDA.

BBC Eye yabonye raporo ku cyorezo mu butumwa bw'igenzura ryakozwe n'umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bana Unicef, Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima n'ishami ry'ubuzima ryo mu ntara muri Mata (4), 2025 ku icyorezo cyabaye muri uwo mujyi, aho byagaragaye ko hari ibibazo byinshi bisa n'ibyo byahujwe n'iperereza ryakozwe kuri THQ Taunsa.

Raporo ivuga ko "Ibintu byari bimeze nabi cyane mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bw'abana," iri ni rimwe mu mashami yafashwe ho amashusho na BBC Eye.

"Imiti y'ingenzi ku bana ntiyari ihari, kandi uburyo bwo gutera inshinge mu buryo butekanye bwari busanzwe.

Inshinge zitari zifite ikirango, inshinge zakoreshejwe zasigaye ziryamye hirya no hino. Isuku y'intoki yari yarirengagijwe - aho basiga inshinge hari hazibye, kandi nta muti wo gusukura intoki wari uhari."

Muganga Fatima Mir, umwarimu w'abaganga b'abana mu bitaro bya Kaminuza ya Aga Khan i Karachi, avuga ko videwo yacu igaragaza intege nke mu mahugurwa yo kurwanya ubwandu muri Pakisitani. "Tugomba kuburira abatera inshinge tuti: 'Wabaye umuntu usakaza indwara.'"

Pakisitani ifite igipimo cyo hejuru cy'ikoreshwa ry'inshinge ku isi, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zidakenewe mu buvuzi.

Abaturage muri rusange barasaba inshinge, harimo n'abana babo, kandi abaganga barabyemera.

Mir agira ati: "Bagomba gushyiraho impamvu zo gukoresha inshinge. Batanga inshinge gusa ku ndwara zishobora guhitana ubuzima. Ku ndwara zoroheje kugeza ku ziciriritse, koresha imiti yo kunywa."

Ibura ry'imiti n'ibikoresho nabyo bitera imikorere mibi. Gushaka inshinge ni ikibazo cy'amikoro.

Mu gihe twafataga amashusho mu ibanga, twasanze ibikoresho byakunze kubura mu byumba by'abarwayi, kandi abarwayi bari bafite ubushobozi bwo kugura parasetamol gusa, babwirwaga kubyigurira ubwabo.

Ibibera mu bitaro bya THQ Taunsa bisa n'ibindi bibera mu bindi bice bya Pakistan.

Mu 2019, abana amagana bo mu mujyi wa Ratodero, mu ntara ya Sindh, basanzwemo ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA, benshi muri bo bakaba bafite ababyeyi banduye ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA.

Umuganga w'abana wo muri ako gace, Dr. Imran Arbani, yabwiye BBC ko yabonye ko abana bajyaga kwa muganga kenshi kandi ko bagiye baterwa inshinge kenshi mu mateka yabo y'uburwayi.

Avuga ko bagomba kuba barandujwe ubwandu mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Mu mwaka w'i2021 umubare w'abana babana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA wari wiyongereye ugera ku 1.500 - ndetse na n'ubu, ubwandu bushya buracyagaragara.

Ubwo twari turi gufata amashusho i Taunsa, icyorezo cyari cyaragaragaye i Karachi. Mu Mujyi wa SITE, abana bavuriwe mu bitaro bya leta, Kulsoom Bai Valika Hospital, nyuma bapimwe ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA.

Muri bo harimo Mikasha, umwana w'imyaka ibiri.

Umwe mu bagize umuryango we yavuze ko abakozi b'ibitaro bakoresheje urushinge rumwe ku bana benshi: "Bujuje umuti murushinge batera umwana umwe urushinge, hanyuma bongera kuwuzuza batera undi urushinge," nk'uko babitangarije BBC Eye.

Umuyobozi w'ibitaro Dr. Mumtaz Shaikh yavuze mu kiganiro yagize ati "abaganga babishoboye ntibazongera gukoresha" urushinge rwakoreshejwe, "bityo ibintu nk'ibyo ntibibe mu bitaro bya leta".

Ariko, Minisitiri w'ubuzima muri leta yemeje ku mugaragaro ko icyorezo cy'abarwayi 84 ba SIDA cyatewe no gukoresha inshinge mu bitaro inshuro nyinshi.

Ubwo twagezaga ibyavuye mu iperereza ryacu kuri guverinoma y'igihugu, umuvugizi yavuze ko "yakoze iperereza ryihuse [no] gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kwirinda kwandura," amabwiriza yoherezwa mu bigo nderabuzima muri Werurwe 2025.

Umuryango wa Asma uvuga ko arimo kugenda agabanuka ibiro, ubu agiye kuvurwa ubuzima bwe bwose agakoko atakagombye kwandura.

Umuryango we uravuga ko igisuzuguriro giterwa no kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA gituma abaturanyi bakunze kubuza abana babo gukina na we, bigatuma asigara mu kato. Yabajije nyina ati: "Ni iki kimbabaza?"

Asma uhagaze ku mva ya musaza we, aravuga ati: "Naramushyinguye, none ari kumwe n'Imana."

Mwi ijwi ryitonze cyane yabwiye BBC Eye ko ati: "Nimara gukura, ndashaka kuba umuganga."