Indicators are used to determine whether a solution is acidic or alkaline. Acids react with metals, bases and carbonates to produce salts. Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid and a base.

Soluble salts can be made by reacting acids with soluble or insoluble reactants. Titration must be used if the reactants are soluble. Insoluble salts are made by precipitation reactions.

Electrolysis involves using electricity to break down electrolytes to form elements. The products of electrolysis can be predicted for a given electrolyte. Copper can be purified using electrolysis.

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